Winnipeg General Strike Free Essays

The Winnipeg General Strike was a landmark in North America. The strike officially began on May 15th, 1919 at 11:00 AM and continued until late June, 1919, and approximately 35, 000 workers, basically the entire workforce of Winnipeg, walked off their jobs, risking their entire lives (Naylor, 2009). This strike has been one of the most studied historic moments in Canadian history. We will write a custom essay sample on Winnipeg General Strike or any similar topic only for you Order Now The General Strike had been brewing for many years prior to 1919, a large series of circumstances contributed to the strike, from international to local (Beszterda, 1975). The strike began in the beginning of May, 1919, after months of labor negotiations the workforce finally had enough and the strike began. The metalworkers were next to participate the strike, the employers of the main factories in the town refused to negotiate their contract. There was a committee that was composed of 1,000 manufactures, bankers, and politicians; they called themselves the Citizens Committee. The Winnipeg General Strike was caused by many reasons. One reason was the immediate reasons for the building of trades and metal workers going on strike for better wages and to improve the conditions that they worked in daily. The workers were payed a low wage and worked in horrible conditions that would automatically be condemned today. The money that they worked extremely hard for made it difficult to leave comfortably, as many people do today. The sweep of the strike involved non-unionzed workers as well, which arose from problems with World War 1. They sacrificed years of high expectations suring the war and its aftermath were greeted with high unemployment instead, an industrial turndown, and inflation. The tight labour market had led to an increase in unions, the success of the Russion Revolution in 1917 had led not only to an increase in ideas, but it also provoked a fear on the part of those in authority. (Munroe, 2010) The One Big Union was a major part of the strike. They did not organize or lead the 1919 Winnipeg General Strike, although its history was closely intertwined with that of the strike. Their radical ideas were getting warm response from many trade unionists. Once the delegates from western Canada unions arrived in Calgary for the meeting in the spring, they were no longer interested in fixing the Trades and Labor Congress. By moving to create the One Big Union, the Candians in the west had created many enimies for themselves, the business world, government officials, and all the craft unions all felt threated by the One Big Union. Spring of 1919, the newly formed Winnipeg Building Trades Council opened their doors for negotiations with their employer, the Winnipeg Builders Exchange. The workers were looking for increase in pay that would allow them to regain what they had lost to the war inflation. Builders stated that without the increase in construction, they could not afford to pay the higher wages that were demanded. Once this negoation was over, the employers agreed to a â€Å"take-it-or-leave-it† approach, stating that if they did not like the wages, then they did not do it and it was over. In results of fearing that the strike would spread to other cities, Senator Robertson was ordered to mediate the dispute and make a final ruling. Once both sides have been heard, he decided that the strikers and the City Council to accept the employee’s proposal. Once they learned of their success, they knew for sure that they would be using striking again in the future (Wikipedia, 2010). After the strike, the metal workers finally received the pay increase they were fighting for and went back to work satisfied with the outcome from the Winnipeg Strike. Some of the workers were not so lucky, they were thrown into jail for the reckless behavior they exhibited during the strike. Seven of the strike leaders were thrown into jail for conspiracy to overthrow the government, they were imprisoned for two years. They won 11 seats on the provincial election in Manitoba, four of them were the strike leaders. After 20 years, collective bargaining was finally looked at again in Canada. Due to the fact that nobody was working and the majority of the workforce were participating in the General Strike, Winnipeg’s economy went into decline. (Munroe, 2010). The effects from these outcomes are still in effect today. We are still receiving higher wages yearly. Minimum wage standards keep increasing at a constant in all provinces per year. This strike may have caused the working conditions today to be as good as what they are. If people hadn’t fought years ago for this then employers today would still be trying to do whatever they can, there would be no standards for employment and the basis for strikes would not be there. Works Cited http://www.cupe1975.ca/bursary/burs4.html http://canadaonline.about.com/od/canadianhistory/a/winnipegstrike.htm How to cite Winnipeg General Strike, Essay examples

Integrated Sustainable Design for Deakin Student - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theIntegrated Sustainable Design for Deakin Student Residence. Answer: Introduction ISD is an integrated architectural approach that combines both the qualitative and quantitative perspectives via a 4-quadrant platform. It seeks to review the various issues and parameters in the said building. Hence, these are often split into: individual experiences, cultural interpretation, building performance and context relations. ISD attempts to answer the question: How can the building fit within the ecological and environmental arena such that both consumption and environmental impacts are minimal? Architects are therefore supposed to be conscious of the various elements that builds ISD. Climate and Climatic Changes Site drainage is a major parameter in this case. We know that climatic conditions can have a devastating effect on the building if not properly designed. Unfortunately, sometimes this has been a bit tricky especially in the wake of rapid changing climatic situation across the globe. Therefore, from an individualistic perspective, there is need to have the design cater for these changes so that the extended effects are not pronounced. Renewable energy Renewable energy technologies are nowadays becoming more sustainable and environment-friendly Systematic approach provides a means to effectively use the most efficient renewables More common ones are solar and wind technologies Suitable for such dwellings as return on investment is fairly achievable Requires proper management to harness the benefits Supports other services like water supply that require powering hence a determinant for the creation and maintenance of a sustainable environment Water systems Fundamentally, regardless of the source, must ensure that there is efficient use as such factors as energy use may depend on it To ensure a sustainable balance in the use and waste water, derive the daily consumption regime Alternative sources of water supply a part from the local council, could be from rainwater and underground water Storm water and sewerage management must support sustainable water use and reuse Also waste water especially from wet areas must effectively be recovered hence treatment plants to be accommodated within the premises Comfort and low energy conditioning systems A critical determining factor in ensuring wellbeing and social interaction with residents is provided. This is achieved by combining the peripheral norms; inner lounges, the u-shaped plan; distinctive scenes such as the basement parking area among others Public realm must be pronounced as a means to boost the social presence of the building The ground plan activation is provided where student experience is boosted. Therefore, proximity to other social amenities such as library, city and building lobby are the hallmark of social comfort and conditioning systems Low energy conditions are made possible by ensuring design supports the natural settings maximumly Building Envelopes Cladding materials are introduced for the purpose of maintaining the interior privacy and safety while ensuring the building aesthetics inter-links with the natural settings Cladding materials selection must be in tandem with the basic requirement that performance should be beyond reproach This must be considered based on the functionality of the building hence it must support: 24hour operation; state-of-the-art accommodation and a collegiate atmosphere Building envelopes must support features such as: security; safety and social interaction Recommendation On the missed opportunities The I.S.D implementation must be performance-oriented Employ clear quantitative methodologies to establish best rating performance for the building Combine all the facets involved to ensure a sustainable building design and development Future success The approach offers a more potent methodology that can be used to help with establishing and amending systems to conform with the emerging trends like climate change and increased call for renewable energy use. Residential buildings such as Deakins Residence should provide a lasting experience to the users and occupants.

Success of Uber Transportation Service

Question: Describe about the Success of Uber for Transportation Service. Answer: Introduction Uber is an app based transportation service , which is started by the Land Transportation Franchising and Regulatory Board (LTFRB). Uber is not registered with any private agency. Over the last year Uber became a very successful ride sharing company. The recent valuation of Uber is considered to be $ 40 billion (SWOT analysis for UBER, 2015). Uber provides the car taxis, which are alternative of the other taxi services. It is based on the mobile app, which works specifically on the smart phones in order to book the passengers. LTFRB keeps the record of all the drivers and the vehicles in their database. Uber has come up with the most revolutionary way according to which the world moves. The success of Uber is dependent on its extraordinary transportation service that it provides to the customers. The riders and drivers are seamlessly connected with each other through the android app. Now people do not have to wait for Taxi, they just have to book an Uber vehicle to reach their destinations. All the cities where Uber operates became more accessible, which has opened up more possibility for the riders and more business for the drivers (SWOT analysis for UBER, 2015). The global presence of Uber is rapidly increasing and continues to bring people closer. The essay will discuss the reasons behind the success of Uber and why people decide to take Uber instead of a taxi. Paper will also discuss the risks and challenges that Uber could face and how Uber can improve its services. Why Uber is Successful? The taxicab service was meant to provide the easy travel solution to the public and working class people , who had very limited options in public transportation. The purpose of taxicabs was for the people, who wanted to ride in style without driving by them. The taxicab service became popular in the 1800s in the city of New York. This trend started to become more popular with the development in the automobile industry. People got the opportunity to loan a vehicle and started creating competition for the buggy industry, and taxicabs became successful in doing so. The completion increased over time and many taxicab services joined the completion. This is the reason, for which Uber was launched in the year 2009 in San Francisco. The company started using the license holder taxi drivers for their comfortable ride sharing service. Uber is a widely known application in Asia and Phillipines. This transportation services is actively used by the people and mainly by the young riders. It is mainly appreciated by young generation due to the convenience it provides, safety reasons and better price with good service (SWOT analysis for UBER, 2015). The main success of the Uber is associated its user friendly android app. The passengers do not have to wait on the road side to grab a taxi, because they can easily book a comfortable Uber vehicle by making few taps on their phone. Since, smart phones are commonly used by the young generation, thus, Uber is more effectively used by young people. The cities are becoming more accessible for the passengers. The drivers are also generating more business due to the quick and effective service. This is the reason that global business of Uber is rapidly expanding, and Uber has expanded its business in country like India. People prefer to book Uber taxis because their good frequency and availability. Uber has imposed a great challenge and competition to the conventional taxi services, as its fair price is too low than conventional services. Uber is becoming the first choice for the riders in many countries. It cannot be said that it is unfair for other conventional taxi services, because passengers have the choice to choose between Uber and other services. It is just the matter of switching over from one service to another. Uber de-monopolized the taxi services in many big cities of the world and reinvented the business. The success of Uber lies in the comfortable and affordable services. People choose the service, which is more affordable and more comfortable at justified price. In the world, where there is competition in every field, Uber is doing its business is not wrong. Uber is competiting with other conventional services to make its place in the competitive world. People often go to malls and grocery stores and look over the price of the products. The products, which are beneficial and low in price, are choose by the customers. This is the reason, why Uber is opted over other rides. Basically, the supplies in the market are added according to the market demands and demands of the consumers (David, 2015). Thus, the same role is being played by Uber. The dynamic business environment is always filled with completion. The world market can be considered as the free market with equal opportunities for everyone (Dubovik, Janssen, 2012). Uber is breaking the conventional form of transportation and adding to a new service in the public transport. Uber became the problem solver for the public, this mainly because the purpose of the service was to provide the rides to the people, who need taxicabs at affordable prices. Uber is successful because it changed the structure of the taxi services and gaining more reputation for the industry. Uber provide clean rides, with quality customer experience and also accepted payment in different forms. The system provided by Uber is more customers oriented, where customers are allowed to track the vehicle when the vehicle is on its way. It makes the process of waiting for the ride easy. The competition that Uber gives to other taxi services is oligopolistic (Ritz, Corchon, Marini, 2016), where the ch oice depends upon the customers. Such competition is very effective, as it allows the customer to make independent choices, after knowing the price of different products or services (Dubovik, Janssen, 2012). People use the service, which find is more comfortable and good for them. Thus, Uber is by the people despite the price and options, which they have, and thus the success of Uber is visible. In the free market everyone has the rights to operate freely and to work against each other (Tomasi, 2012). Another success mantra of Uber is that its easily accessible and user friendly app allows the customers to get the detailed information about the taxi number, name of the driver, phone number and estimated arrival time. Uber also provides the service of the private car with cashless payments. The private car service is offered to the customers with a private chauffer as well (Wirtz, Tang, 2016). Thus, success of Uber depends upon various factors associated with easy app, driver details, clean ride, comfortable cars, affordable price and different payment options. What makes people decide to take uber over local taxi? People find Uber to be more beneficial than other local taxi services because of its easy booking and accessibility. In the current time, every young men or women have smart phones. Such phones can be very beneficial to download the Uber App. The app is very user friendly and consumes very few mega bytes on the phone. The people decide to take Uber than other taxi services, because they do not have to wait for long time to get a ride. The frequency of the Uber cabs is very good, and Uber is available in all most all the corners of the city at any time of the day (Wirtz, Tang, 2016). The Uber cab rides also offer the discount coupons, promos and discount codes, which can be used by the customers, as well as can be shared with friends and family. The discount codes can be used to get discount on at least two rides (Uber vs GrabCar: The Benefits of Ride-Sharing Services in the Metro, 2015). Another reason for which people have enhanced the use of Uber is the Word of mouth. Uber started providing free rides, discounts and special private services. Due to this, people started sharing the information with their friends and family members. The tech community of the Uber, also use the social networking sites like FaceBook and Twitter to spread the word about their services and benefits that people can get. The business of Uber grew significantly, as people started appreciating their services. The friendly and quality experience offered by Uber, impressed people and encouraged them to use their service more and more. Thus, people use Uber more than conventional taxi service or any other cab services. Uber came up as the new came up as the new way of personal transportation. The cities, which are highly crowded and travelling in the public transports, become very difficult; Uber provided comfortable rides. The company provided the opportunity of personalization to form the customer value (Wallsten, 2015). People decide to take Uber over taxi is because Uber is able to handle variety and volume. The availability of the car is made according to the needs of the customers. If the customer is alone, than they can opt for mini cars, and if they are travelling with friends and family, they can opt for sedan cars or SUV. Uber started operating in over 60 countries and displayed its strong presence in Pacific and Asian region. The cars used by the drivers are from year 2000 or newer, which makes the ride more comfortable and safe. The Uber Pool allows the people to share their ride and split the cost. Uber provided every option that could make peoples local travel more comfortable and saf e. What are potential risks or challenges that Uber is or could be facing? Some of the risk and challenges that could be faced by Uber are that the business model of the Uber is very simple. It works on the app which connects the passenger seeking rides with the company. The milage based fees is taken from the passengers, from which Uber takes its percentage and gives the remaining to the drivers. The ride-sharing is described by the Uber, however, it is considered as the misnomer, where noting is being shared. According to in Robert Nozicks memorable phrase, the app service offered by Uber enables capitalist acts between consenting adults (Nozick, 2013). It is also seen that Uber is very aggressive towards creating the competition and also disregards many norms according to its comfort and convenience. The success of the Uber is just based on the regulatory arbitrage. It is also breaking the Taxi regulation of the Monopoly rent, due to which it is being opposed in Malaysia. The price is being kept artificially low to gain success in the market. Another challenge that Uber can face is because of its claim that its drivers are the independent contractors. Some of the drivers are concern about it because they will not receive insurances, workers compensation and company do not have to Pay Social Security taxes (Azevedo Maciejewski, 2015). However the case is different as the drivers are not completely the independent contractors, but company is saving its costs through this claim. But, according the case going the California courts against Uber, if the Uber drivers are declared as the employees of Uber, company would be forced to pay either minimum wages to the drivers or it may have to stop operating in California (Rogers, 2015). This will decrease the business revenue for Uber. Another challenge that Uber can face is related to taxes. This challenge or risk is related to employer-employee relationship. If the government in the operating countries dismisses Uber as Technology Company than entire ride payment will be considered as the revenue and Uber will have to pay city and state taxes (Page, 2015). The international expansion of the Uber comes with their own risks. If the company is opposed by the government in international market, company may face the risk of losing drivers or it would become hard to find drivers (Page, 2015). How can Uber improve its service / business? The efficient and innovative use of the technology is the main benefit for Uber. In the competitive marketplace, the firms which are able to develop strategically flexible organizations can earn great benefits. The Uber can remain to get success in the market, if it is able to reduce the Driver downtime. The speed on the route is well in the Uber service, but the poick up speed is relatively slow. Uber is not able to provide the scheduled pickups yet. If it is able to make the scheduled pick up for the drivers, it would be beneficial. Sometimes the passenger like to book the ride in advance, but Uber does not provide the option of rebooking (Viray, 2015). Pre booking option can be beneficial for the passengers, who are heading for a meeting, or to airport. Such passengers will be benefitted if they can get their cab ready outside as soon as they reach instead of coming out of the airport and then book their ride. Another problem is that company does not have a strong relationship with the customers. The Uber app is connected with the phone, but do not provide promotional information on mails. Uber may try to enhance their relationship with their customers to remain valuable in the coming competitions in market. The ethical relationship of Uber with its drivers is still questionable? The loyalty between the company and drivers is still low. Company should focus on improving the relationship with drivers, by providing those perks and benefits. Also, the business model of Uber is very unpredictable, which may raise the questions about the privacy of the customers. Conclusion Paper discussed the public transport company, Uber. Uber is a very popular taxi cab service, which is operating in many countries over the globe. The company stated in the year 2009 and in a very short span of time, company gained huge success. The success of uber is based on various factors, which made it successful and popular among the customers. Uber provides the comfortable and timely rides to the customers. The company works through an android app, which can be easily downloaded to the smart phones. Most of the Uber app users are the young people, who just have to use few taps on the phone to get a cab. Uber increased the accessibility for the customers and also the comfortable local travels. Uber is very popular and successful than other conventional taxi services because it provide shared rides, discounts and different payment options for easily travelling. Paper discussed the factors hidden behind the success of Uber. Uber provides the competition in the free market and has also raised a big threat to the conventional taxi services. But, customers have the choice of opt between Uber and other services. Uber is also gone through some legal troubles in Germany and California, but such leagl troubles can be faced if Uber make some changes in technique and functioning. Uber is also successful due to the large number of drivers and cars, which makes the Uber frequency very effective, and passengers do not have to wait for long time to get a ride. But, Google cars could be a big threat for Uber in future. References Azevedo, F., Maciejewski, M. (2015). Social Economic and Legal Consequences of Uber and Similar Transportation Network Companies (TNC).Briefing, European Parliament. Dubovik, A., Janssen, M. C. (2012). Oligopolistic competition in price and quality.Games and Economic Behavior,75(1), 120-138. Gruel, W., Piller, F. (2016). A new vision for personal transportation. Nozick, R. (2013).Anarchy, state, and utopia. Basic books. Page, V. (2015). 4 Challenges Uber Will Face In The Next Years. Retrieved from: https://www.investopedia.com/articles/investing/072215/4-challenges-uber-will-face-next-years.asp Ritz, R., Corchon, L., Marini, M. (2016). Oligopolistic competition and welfare.Handbook of Game Theory Industrial Organization, Edward Elgar. Rogers, B. (2015). The social costs of Uber.University of Chicago Law Review Dialogue, Forthcoming. SWOT analysis for UBER. (2015). Retrieved from: https://pestleanalysis.com/swot-analysis-for-uber/ Tomasi, J. (2012).Free market fairness. Princeton University Press. Uber vs GrabCar: The Benefits of Ride-Sharing Services in the Metro. (2015, August 28). Retrieved from eCompareMo: https://www.ecomparemo.com/info/uber-vs-grabcar-the-benefits-of-ride-sharing-services-in-the-metro/ Viray, P. L. (2015, December 4). Court suspends Uber, GrabCar operations. (P. Magno, Editor) Retrieved from Philstar: https://www.philstar.com:8080/nation/2015/12/04/1528956/court-suspends-uber-grabcar-operations Wallsten, S. (2015). The competitive effects of the sharing economy: how is Uber changing taxis?.Technology Policy Institute. Wirtz, J., Tang, C. (2016). Uber: Competing as Market Leader in the US versus Being a Distant Second in China. InSERVICES MARKETING: People Technology Strategy(pp. 626-632).

Research Paper on Pop Art Essay Example

Research Paper on Pop Art Essay Pop Art Research Paper Introduction The 20th century was characterized by significant changes in all spheres of human life, which were particularly obvious in economic life of the society. In general the main trend may be characterized as a trend to commercialization regardless the sphere of life of human society. Unfortunately, art, being a constituent part of the development of any society was also significantly influenced by this trend and new movements started to appear for which commercial success of artist was particularly important. Among these movements may be named numerous movements constituting Pop Art. This trend is particularly noteworthy because art has always played an important role in the life of human society. It was important regardless the level of the development of human civilization and time because it was quite natural for people to be a kind of artists. Otherwise, mankind would hardly be able to make such a progress that has been made within thousands of years, and particularly within the last century. At this respect it is worth to mention that the 20th century, being a period of great changes in art, may be also interpreted as a very important period, a point when art gradually evolved and got to be a part of mass culture based on the purely commercial principles of mass production. We can help with writing your essay on Pop Art now! We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Pop Art specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Pop Art specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Research Paper on Pop Art specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The essence of Pop Art In general it should be said that the 20th century is characterized by many as a period of decline of classical art and classical art movement that is, to a significant extent, the result of a rapid and to a certain extent unparalleled development of modern art movements and appearance of such phenomenon as pop art. Pop Art is very complicated phenomenon to study and to understand because Pop Art movements often introduce innovative ideas and absolutely original techniques. Moreover, Steven Henry Madoff in his book Pop Art: A Critical History underlines that â€Å"Pop Art of the 20the century may be called the art of originality and uniqueness† basically because every modern movement of Pop Art tends to be independent and different from others. Speaking about development of Pop Art and about its basic characteristics it is primarily necessary to briefly define what it is and reveal its essence. This will provide us with a possibility to better understand its nature and define the basic characteristics, which are typical for Pop Art and which are probably unique for Pop Art movements. First of all, it should be said that L. Alloway argues that Pop Art may be defined in different ways â€Å"either as a reaction to dominant ideas of abstract expressionism, or as an expansion upon them†. It is noteworthy that Alloy’s definition of Poop Art and certain criticism was a kind of responds to the works of such artists as Richard Hamilton, Andy Warhol and other representatives of new art movements. Furthermore, it should be said that Pop Art movements have started their development since 1950s and the countries where they were particularly spread were Great Britain and the United States. Naturally, Pop Art was not developed in one day as something absolutely new but, on the contrary, it was rather a result of a quite rapid development of art in the 20th century and its main peculiarities. Nonetheless, Pop Art is really a unique phenomenon that appeared in the art of the 20th century and is the characteristic of it. At this respect, it is worth to mention that D. Hebdige in his book Visual Culture underlines that initially this art â€Å"was a movement that departed from the clichà ©s of boldness so often portrayed in modern art†. It means that pop art originates from modern art and consequently modernist movements, which were the characteristic of art, especially in the 20th century. At the same time, it is necessary to say that pop art is traditionally associated with a big problem because there are two contradictive views on pop art. On the one hand, Charles Harrison and Paul Wood in their book Art in Theory 1900-2000 estimate that art is not art at all. It means that some specialists, basically conservatives, believe that Pop Art is not an independent form of art but it is rather a product of mass culture deprived of any artistic value and consequently useless. On the other hand, the authors also underline that the opponents of such point of view believe that â€Å"pop art is quite progressive and perspective direction†, and they estimate that this is the way, which modern art should develop in. moreover, they stand on the ground that art is permanently changing and Pop Art is just a new trend that would be general line for art in the future. However, in actuality the truth is somewhere in the middle because it does not necessarily mean that Pop Art is not art. On the contrary, many specialists and critics for instance Nikos Stangos, recognize Pop Art. At this respect it is noteworthy that Nikos Stangos, in his book Concept of Modern Art, underlines that Pop Art is a constituent part of the modern art and it may be perceived as a logical continuation of the art development of the previous historical epochs. At the same time, speaking about the perspectives of Pop Art it is important to be very careful because, on the basis of the idea of art, as â€Å"a permanently changing and developing structure†, it is very difficult to forecast its future perspectives and nobody knows what Pop Art would be in the future like if it would be at all, at least in its present form. Nonetheless, it is still necessary to emphasize that Pop Art is quite a unique phenomenon because it is significantly different if we compared it with any famous trends in art in the past. Obviously this fact makes Pop Art even more interesting for both artists and critics as well as for wide audience. However, it should be pointed out that often representatives of Pop Art face a very serious problem when the audience simply do not understand their works because, as it is widely known, the wide audience, or at least its conservative part, often does not perceive the works of Pop Art as artist see them or wanted their works were perceived. As a result the audience does not want to recognize them as noteworthy because they remain a kind of terra incognita for them. Naturally, such view is too radical and to a certain extent not professional because in actuality pop art is â€Å"a regeneration and renewal from the nearly two decade reign of abstract art† It finds its reflection in the fact that pop artists disconnected themselves from the idea that art must contain meaning in the abstract. By the way, this is probably another reason why pop artists remain to be misunderstood by certain part of the audience. Nowadays, the popularity of Pop Art have been constantly growing since 1950s and such a progress is obviously the result of work of such outstanding artists as Andy Warhol, Richard Hamilton, David, Hockney, Peter Phillips, Jasper Johns, Roy Lichtenstein, Robert Rauschenberg and many others, who developed this unique and original art movement. Commercialization of Pop Art It is very important to underline that despite the fact that the popularity of Pop Art grew, there was another important problem that a rapid development of Pop Art raised, the problem of its commercialization. In fact, on reflecting on the role of Pop Art, its significance and nature, many specialists concluded that it is highly commercialized and that it is a part of mass culture. To a certain extent such position is quite reasonable because often Pop Art is perceived as just a popular trend in the art and often artistic works are bought simply because they are popular regardless their artistic value. Ion order to better understand the commercialization of Pop Art, it is necessary to briefly discuss the work of some pop artists that actually shaped the public image of Pop Art and developed its basic trends. First of all, it is necessary to say a few words about Andy Wahrol who may be considered as a founder of Pop Art in the US. The media called him the ‘Prince of Pop’ and he was really successful since he made his way from Pittsburgh working class family to an American legend. Andy was very talented in drawing and painting but his first big break was in August 1949 when Glamour Magazine asked him to illustrate an article called â€Å"Success is a Job in New York†. By 1955 Andy Warhol had almost all of New York copying his work. Also Andy Warhol was into doing popular items Coca-Cola and celebrity faces, like Marilyn Monroe and painting was his real passion. His â€Å"Campbell’s Soup Can† is a classic and an easily recognized work of Andy’s. It is very important to underline that when he started his work as an artist he wanted to remove the difference between fine arts and commercial arts and he also wanted to mass produce his own pop art. His favorite printmaking technique was silkscreen that came closest to his idea of proliferation of art. On June 3rd, 1968, the event that significantly influenced his further life happened. On this day, Valerie Solanis shot Andy Warhol three times in the chest but luckily the artist escaped the death. After this event he has never recovered fully that probably influenced his creative work. Remarkably that since that time he has been spending most of his time making portraits of rich and affluent of his time like Mick Jagger, Michael Jackson, and Brigitte Bardot and his work became more and more entrepreneurial and he said that â€Å"making money is art, and working is art and good business is the best art† (Bockris 1987). Nonetheless he still remained a significant heritage in pop art. Another representative of Pop Art, Richard Hamilton, may be considered the founder of British Pop Art. One of his most famous works is the collage titled Just What Is It that Makes Today’s Homes So Different, So Appeling? (1956). Like, Andy Warhol he also initially started as an artist whose views on art were absolutely far from commercial life but gradually, he started to cooperate with outstanding and famous people like Paul McCartney and Beatles and commercial success arrived. However, his trend to treat the art as a part of mass culture, or mass production may be observed even in his works, including his early one mentioned above since he underlines practical or even utilitarian aspects of life, promoting consumerist values. At this respect, another artist, Roy Lichtenstein, is very similar to him but unlike Richard Hamilton and Andy Warhol, he simply â€Å"borrowed heavily from popular advertising and comic book style† that was particularly obvious in his work Roto Broil (1961) and that symbolized the consumerist attitude to art he promoted by his work. Conclusion Thus, in conclusion, it is possible to say that the development of art of the 20th century was characterized by the growing popularity of Pop Art, which actually was not always understood by the wide audience. At the same time, Pop Art managed to become a sort of mass art promoting consumerist lifestyle and treating art as a kind of business as Andy Warhol did later in his life. This is why it is possible to estimate that Pop Art as one of the strongest trends in the contemporary art may be characterized as a celebration of high capitalism and consumption. Bibliography: Alloway, L. (ed.), Modern Dreams: The Rise and Fall and Rise of Pop Art, New Publishers, New York, 1988. This book reveals the basic historical stages of the development of Pop Art since its beginning till the 1980s. Bockris, V. The Life and Death of Andy Warhol, Bantam, New York, 1989. The author of the book focuses on the life and work of a founder of American Pop Art Andy Warhol Crone, R. Andy Warhol. Praeger, New York, 1970. Another book dedicated to the life and work of Andy Warhol that helps better understand his attitude to art and his perception of the role of artist in the contemporary society. Harrison, C. P. Wood, Art in Theory 1900-200. New York: Touchstone, 2002. The authors trace the main trends in the development of art of the 20th century. Hebdige, D. Visual Culture: Chapter 6: Fabulous Confusion! Pop Before Pop? Routledge Inc., New York, 1995, 96-122. The book discusses the main trends in Pop Art related to popular artists of the 20th century. Madoff, S.H. Pop Art: A Critical History. LA: University of California Press, 2003. The author traces the development of Pop Art in the 20th century. McShine, K. (ed.) Andy Warhol: A Retrospective, Museum of Modern Art, New York, 1989. It provides ample possibility to get acquainted with both famous and barely known works of Andy Warhol David Robbins (ed.), The Independent Group: Postwar Britain and the Aesthetics of Plenty, MIT Press, 1990. The book provides ample information on British Pop Art and pop artists. Roeder, G. H. Jr. â€Å"What Have Modernists Looked At? Experiential Roots of Twentieth-Century American Painting†. American Quarterly 39 (Spring, 1987): 56-83. The author focuses on the work of outstanding American pop artists, including Andy Warhol and Roy Lichtenstein. Rosenblum, R. â€Å"Andy Warhol: Court Painter to the 70s.† Andy Warhol: Portraits of the 70s. David Whitney, (ed.) Random House, New York, 8-21, 1979. The author provides interesting information concerning the main works of Andy Warhol. Sandler, I. The New York School: The Painters and Sculptors of the Fifties, New Publishers, New York. 1978. The book depicts the development of Pop Art at its beginning Stangos, N. Concept of Modern Art. London: Thames and Hudson, 2001. The author focuses on the development of Pop Art in the UK.

Free Essays on Pro An Con Abortion

Abortion: Life or Death, Who chooses? During the past quarter century, abortion has joined race and war as one of the most debatable subject of controversy in the United States. It discusses human interaction where ethics, emotions and law come together. Abortion poses a moral, social and medical dilemma that faces many individuals to create a emotional and violent atmosphere. There are many points of view toward abortion but the only two fine distinctions are "pro-choice" and "pro-life". A pro-choicer would feel that the decision to abort a pregnancy is that of the mothers and the state has no right to interfere. A pro-lifer would hold that from the moment of conception, the embryo or fetus is alive. This life imposes on us a moral obligation to preserve it and that abortion is tantamount to murder. In the United States about 1.6 million pregnancies end in abortion. Women with incomes under eleven thousand are over three times more likely to abort than those with incomes above twenty-five thousand. Unmarried women are four to five times more likely to abort than married and the abortion rate has doubled for 18 and 19 year olds. Recently the U.S. rate dropped 6 percent overall but the rate of abortion among girls younger than 15 jumped 18 percent. The rate among minority teens climbed from 186 per 1,000 to 189 per 1,000. The most popular procedure involved in abortions is the vacuum aspiration which is done during the first trimester (three months or less since the women has become pregnant). A tube is simply inserted through the cervix and the contents of the uterus are vacuumed out. The most commonly used type of second trimester abortion is called dilation and evacuation. Since the fetus has bones, bulk and can move, second trimester is not as simple. When as much of the fetus and placenta are vacuumed out then tweezers are used to remove larger parts. After this, or the beginning of the fifth mo... Free Essays on Pro An Con Abortion Free Essays on Pro An Con Abortion Abortion: Life or Death, Who chooses? During the past quarter century, abortion has joined race and war as one of the most debatable subject of controversy in the United States. It discusses human interaction where ethics, emotions and law come together. Abortion poses a moral, social and medical dilemma that faces many individuals to create a emotional and violent atmosphere. There are many points of view toward abortion but the only two fine distinctions are "pro-choice" and "pro-life". A pro-choicer would feel that the decision to abort a pregnancy is that of the mothers and the state has no right to interfere. A pro-lifer would hold that from the moment of conception, the embryo or fetus is alive. This life imposes on us a moral obligation to preserve it and that abortion is tantamount to murder. In the United States about 1.6 million pregnancies end in abortion. Women with incomes under eleven thousand are over three times more likely to abort than those with incomes above twenty-five thousand. Unmarried women are four to five times more likely to abort than married and the abortion rate has doubled for 18 and 19 year olds. Recently the U.S. rate dropped 6 percent overall but the rate of abortion among girls younger than 15 jumped 18 percent. The rate among minority teens climbed from 186 per 1,000 to 189 per 1,000. The most popular procedure involved in abortions is the vacuum aspiration which is done during the first trimester (three months or less since the women has become pregnant). A tube is simply inserted through the cervix and the contents of the uterus are vacuumed out. The most commonly used type of second trimester abortion is called dilation and evacuation. Since the fetus has bones, bulk and can move, second trimester is not as simple. When as much of the fetus and placenta are vacuumed out then tweezers are used to remove larger parts. After this, or the beginning of the fifth mo...

Media article critique Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Media article critique - Essay Example The sodium in the American diet does not significantly come from the saltshakers but in the abundance of processed food consumption. It should be noted sodium is usually used to enhance the flavor, stabilize, and preserve processed food. Accordingly, sodium intake can be reduced by opting fresh, whole food closest to their natural state. Another option is to look for canned food which are sodium-free or with reduced-sodium content. The DASH (Dietary Approach to Solving Hypertension) eating plan, which prescribes a diet comprised of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, low-fat dairy food, and food with limited saturated fat, cholesterol and sodium, is clinically proven to dramatically reduce blood pressure by infusing enough levels of potassium in the body to counter the effects of sodium. It has been verified by the Tulane University Health Science Center that adequate potassium intake may lower systolic blood pressure by 3 points and diastolic by 2 points. The level of sodium in the body as well as its effect is tied to an individual's physiological sensitivity to salt. It has been found out that 10-25 percent of the entire population is salt sensitive meaning that their bodies will respond faster with the reduction or increase in salt intake. Salt sensitivity is determined by heredity as it is passed on through genes and age as elders naturally experience higher blood pressure necessitating the reduction of sodium intake. With the current rise in the number of people who suffers from heart disease, I believe that this article is very helpful and timely. I completely agree with the information presented. Having a family history of hypertension, I'm seeking ways on how to reduce the risk of acquiring the disease. Reducing sodium intake is probably one of the easiest and most enjoyable way to avoid heart diseases as it requires me to take in a variety of fresh foods and challenge my creativity in coming up with recipes containing less salt. Works Cited Miers, Megan. Shake the salt habit: Limiting sodium intake can have many benefits. Knight Ridder Tribune Business News, May 18, 2006, Pg.1; Washington ARTICLE May 18--Whether already added or sprinkled on in the form of salt, sodium is one additive that keeps us clamoring for our favorite foods over and over again. But the same seasoning that brings out the flavor of salad dressing and gives potato chips their savory crunch also can wreak havoc with our health. Many Americans far exceed the recommended daily limit of sodium in their diets, and that's not good news for a country in which cardiovascular disease is the No. 1 killer. Excess sodium in the diet can lead to fluid retention and hypertension (high blood pressure), which in turn can lead to stroke and other potentially deadly conditions. But with a few simple steps, anyone can slash dietary sodium and drastically reduce health risks. "The maximum recommended limit is less than 3,000 milligrams of sodium per day," said Rachel Vincent, a registered and licensed dietitian at St. John Medical Center. "The average American gets about 8,000 milligrams a day." To function properly, our bodies need about 200 milligrams of s

Containerizations in Maritime Shipping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Containerizations in Maritime Shipping - Essay Example It is worth mentioning that this particular system assists such organizations in attaining superior competitive position through providing them with numerous advantages. In this regard, one of the primary advantages of containerization in maritime shipping is to protect goods from different hazardous conditions while delivering them to other locations. In this regard, the system is most preferable towards conserving safety of the goods that to be transported in destinations located throughout different parts of the world. Most significantly, the containerization aspect also ensures to save a major portion of transportation costs as the system tends to seal intact and load huge quantity of finished goods or logistics from diverse locations (YouTube, n.d.). With regard to the roles and functions possess by an effective containerization system, in most often cases, the process seems to be parallel with air freight industry. This can be justified with reference to the fact that the system of containerization is often viewed to be a freight transport process, which involves the usage of effective and standardized techniques of shipping containers through diverse sorts of mediums including, shipyard, truck and airlines. Notteboom, T., & Rodrigue, J. P. (2009). The future of containerization: perspectives from maritime and inland freight distribution. Retrieved from http://people.hofstra.edu/jean-paul_rodrigue/downloads/future_containerization_tn_jpr_draft%20final.pdf YouTube. (n.d.). Pport of long beach: life of ocean container - learn international shipping & export doc. Retrieved from